Part 3 Method

Master the 5 Verbs

The IELTS official descriptor says Part 3 tests your ability to do five things. This page teaches each one with discourse markers and chain-of-thought frameworks.

๐Ÿ’ฌ Express opinions ๐Ÿ“ Justify opinions ๐Ÿ” Analyse โš–๏ธ Discuss ๐Ÿ”ฎ Speculate
Part 1 of 4

The 5 Verbs, One at a Time

Each verb maps to specific discourse markers. Knowing which to reach for in real time is half the battle.

1

Express Opinions

State what you think clearly. Do not hide behind "maybe" when the question asks for YOUR view. Own it, then qualify.

In my opinion... In my humble opinion... Personally speaking... I hold the opinion that... If you ask me... From my perspective... I reckon that... I would say... My view is that... I tend to think... As far as I am concerned...
2

Justify Opinions

Explain WHY you think what you think. Every opinion needs a because. Use cause-effect markers and concrete examples.

The reason I say this is... This is because... Take... as an example For instance... This can be seen in... A good illustration of this is... Evidence of this is... Let me give you an example... To put it another way... What I mean is... As a result of this...
3

Analyse

Break things down. Identify causes, effects, patterns, and layers. Show you can pull apart a complex issue.

If we break this down... There are several factors at play One contributing factor is... This stems from... At its core... Underlying this is... A key driver of this is... This can be attributed to... When we look closer... The root cause appears to be... There is more to it than that...
4

Discuss

Explore multiple sides. Compare, contrast, weigh up. Show the examiner you understand complexity.

On one hand... on the other hand... However... Whereas / While... Having said that... In contrast... By comparison... Similarly / Likewise... On the flip side... That said... Despite the fact that... Although it is true that... Different people have different takes on this
5

Speculate About Issues

Look forward. Imagine possibilities. Use hypothetical language to show you can think beyond the present.

It is likely that... I would not be surprised if... Hypothetically speaking... There is a good chance that... I can imagine a future where... It is possible that... One scenario could be... Looking ahead... My speculation is that... If this trend continues... In all likelihood... It is hard to predict, but...
Part 2 of 4

3 Chains of Thought

A chain of thought is a mental structure for your answer. Instead of thinking "what do I say next," you follow a path. Each chain maps to specific verbs.

Chain 1: General - Specific - Pivot

Best for: Express + Justify

Start broad to show context, zoom into a concrete case, then pivot to a deeper layer. Makes your answer feel like real thinking, not a script.

1
General
Broad observation about the topic
โ†’
2
Specific
Zoom into a concrete example or case
โ†’
3
Pivot
Counterpoint, exception, or deeper layer

Discourse markers for each step

General: Generally speaking... / Broadly... / On the whole... / As a rule... / In most cases... / It is often said that...
Specific: For instance... / Take... as an example... / To illustrate... / A case in point is... / Specifically...
Pivot: However... / That said... / Having said that... / But on the other hand... / Although it is worth noting... / The flip side is...

Example (Chain 1)
Do you think technology has made people more or less social?
Generally speaking, there is a perception that technology has made us less social because people spend so much time on their phones. Take family dinners as an example - you often see everyone at the table looking at screens instead of talking. Having said that, technology also connects us in ways that were impossible before. My best friend lives on the other side of the world and we talk every day through video calls. So it really depends on how you use it.

Chain 2: Present - Past - Future

Best for: Speculate + Analyse

The temporal arc. Start with what is happening now, trace back to what caused it, then project forward. Examiners love this for "how has X changed" questions.

1
Present
What is happening now
โ†’
2
Past
How it was, what caused the shift
โ†’
3
Future
Where it is heading, what might happen

Discourse markers for each step

Present: Nowadays... / These days... / Currently... / At present... / In today's world...
Past: Historically... / In the past... / Going back a generation... / It used to be that... / Not that long ago... / This shift can be traced back to...
Future: Looking ahead... / It is likely that... / I would not be surprised if... / If this trend continues... / In all likelihood... / The way things are going...

Example (Chain 2)
How has the way people get their news changed in the last 15 years?
Nowadays, most people I know get their news from social media feeds and algorithm-driven apps rather than traditional sources. Going back just 15 years, it was a completely different picture - most families still had a newspaper subscription and the evening TV news was a shared ritual. The smartphone is really what triggered this shift. Looking ahead, I think the line between news and personalised content will blur even further, and it is likely that AI-generated news summaries will become the default for most people.

Chain 3: Situation A - Situation B - Synthesis

Best for: Discuss + Analyse

The compare-and-weigh structure. Present two angles or groups, then draw a conclusion from the comparison. Ideal for "what is the difference between" and "which is better" questions.

1
Situation A
First angle, group, or side
โ†’
2
Situation B
Contrasting angle, group, or side
โ†’
3
Synthesis
What the comparison reveals

Discourse markers for each step

Situation A: On one hand... / For some people... / In certain contexts... / One way to look at this is... / From one perspective...
Situation B: On the other hand... / Whereas... / In contrast... / For others... / Meanwhile... / By comparison... / On the flip side...
Synthesis: Ultimately... / What this tells us is... / The key difference appears to be... / When you weigh it all up... / So the takeaway is... / What both sides reveal is...

Example (Chain 3)
How does working for a large company differ from working for a startup?
On one hand, working for a large company tends to offer stability, clear career progression, and well-defined roles. You know what you are supposed to do and there are systems in place. In contrast, a startup is often chaotic - you might wear five different hats in a single week and the direction can shift overnight. The upside is that you learn faster and have more ownership. When you weigh it all up, the key difference is not really about company size - it is about whether you thrive in structure or in ambiguity. One is not better than the other; it depends entirely on your personality.
Part 3 of 4

Discourse Marker Master Table

All discourse markers grouped by function. These signal the structure of your answer so the examiner follows your logic.

Expressing Opinion
In my opinion... / In my humble opinion... / Personally speaking... / I hold the opinion that... / If you ask me... / From my perspective... / I reckon that... / I would say... / My view is that... / I tend to think... / As far as I am concerned... / To my mind... / The way I see it...
Justifying / Explaining
The reason I say this is... / This is because... / Take... as an example... / For instance... / This can be seen in... / A good illustration of this is... / To put it another way... / What I mean is... / The thinking behind this is... / Let me elaborate...
Analysing / Breaking Down
If we break this down... / There are several factors at play... / One contributing factor is... / This stems from... / At its core... / A key driver of this is... / This can be attributed to... / When we look closer... / The root cause appears to be... / Underlying this is...
Contrasting
However... / On one hand... on the other hand... / Whereas... / While... / In contrast... / By comparison... / On the flip side... / Although... / Despite the fact that... / That said... / Having said that... / On the contrary...
Comparing (Similarities)
Similarly... / Likewise... / In the same way... / Equally... / In a similar fashion... / If I compare it to... / Compared to... / By the same token... / In much the same way...
Speculating / Hypothesising
It is likely that... / I would not be surprised if... / Hypothetically speaking... / There is a good chance that... / I can imagine a future where... / It is possible that... / One scenario could be... / Looking ahead... / My speculation is that... / If this trend continues... / In all likelihood... / In the long run...
Generalising
Generally speaking... / Broadly... / On the whole... / As a rule... / In most cases... / The vast majority of... / A small minority of... / It is often said that... / By and large... / For the most part...
Adding / Extending
Furthermore... / Moreover... / In addition... / What is more... / Not only that, but... / Another point worth mentioning is... / On top of that... / Besides... / Also worth noting is...
Concluding / Synthesising
Ultimately... / When you weigh it all up... / What this tells us is... / The key takeaway is... / So the bottom line is... / To sum up... / All things considered... / The upshot is...
Buying Time (Hesitation)
Well... / That is an interesting question... / Let me think for a moment... / Off the top of my head... / I have never really thought about this before, but... / That is a thought-provoking question... / Let me gather my thoughts...
Part 4 of 4

Practice with Real Questions

Tap any question to reveal topic-specific phrases and example sentences. Apply the chains of thought and discourse markers you have just learned. May-Aug 2026 question bank.